Antitrust Practices and Market Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Antitrust Practices and Market Power - Essay Example Antitrust laws, regularly known as ‘competition laws’ are standards presented by the administration of U.S. to keep the shoppers from the negativities of voracious evaluating presented by the potential business goliaths in showcase and in this way help in advancing free exchanging exercises the open economies. This paper will move in the ongoing antitrust examination against the goliath web searcher Google. The Federal Trading Commission had presented the antitrust request against Google in October 2012 and prescribed the administration to totally sue the business goliath. Such laws are commonly fused over firms that show monopolistic or oligopolistic trademark highlights. To put it plainly, the incompletely serious market structures energize the acts of neglect and administrations of possible firms in practically all modern sections. Antitrust examination is the best battle against such sick practices. The issue of antitrust examination against Google envelops the onlin e business industry (Lohr, 2012). Explanation behind Antitrust examination against Google The Federal Trading Commission (FTC) enlarged weight in Google for an antitrust examination and chose to sue the goliath web searcher. The organization was professed to control its query items in a manner that would encourage its own items and make the equivalent hard for its likely opponents in the business. Be that as it may, the authorities of the organization had declared to reply and demonstrate its guiltlessness against any charges forced by the controllers. FTC has furnished itself with a group which would drag Google to the court whenever required. Beth A. Wilkinson was the administrator designated by FTC to battle against Google in the court. The European Union Commissioner have additionally guaranteed that Google is consuming the online business and driving other particular web crawlers and advertizes to abandon their organizations. Google has likewise been denounced for controlling i ts online business administrations results. It is likewise discovered that Google presents campaigning issues with advanced cell creators and power them not to evacuate the Google android working frameworks from their fabricated telephones. The American Antitrust Institute (AAI) has additionally consented to the cases of FTC made against Google. This case is a run of the mill instance of antitrust investigation that has been essential in light of the fact that the firm concerned (Google) just appreciates oligopolistic or monopolistic force in the computerized commercial centers (Cleland, 2013). Monetary and Non Pecuniary Cost because of Imperfect Competition The monopolistic and oligopolistic firms exist in business sectors where flawless rivalry doesn't exist. The organizations in this kind of a market structure are not ‘price takers’ but rather are ‘price makers’. There are an enormous number of purchasers however just scarcely any venders in such market structures. In this way, the current makers in a flawed market have capacity to segregate the purchasers both in social and monetary grounds. The interest bend looked by these sorts of firms is descending inclining in nature (W. Shepherd and J. Shepherd, 2003). Figure 1: AR and MR Curve of a Monopoly or Oligopoly Producer AR, MR Price or Average Revenue Curve (P or AR) Quantity Marginal Revenue Curve (MR) Antitrust conduct of the organizations causes numerous financial and noneconomic costs. Defective rivalry in the market is liable for wasteful portion of assets, the monopolistic and the oligopolistic dealers frequently crowd their items to misleadingly expand the costs. Value segregation is likewise one of the mal rehearses

American Airlines Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quantification of Opiates in Hair Samples

Evaluation of Opiates in Hair Samples The examination of controlled medication misuse has been principally been completed utilizing pee tests. This is then supplemented further with utilization of other natural liquids, for example, blood, sweat and spit. There are numerous preferences concerning why pee is a superior natural liquid to use in contrast with the other organic liquids. Some these include: Less intrusive No needles required to get the example. Minimal clinical oversight required Cost of leading the test is lower Urinalysis anyway additionally has a few impediments, some which are The medication identification window (DDW), the time span in which the medication can be distinguished is to some degree short. It is ordinarily 1-3 days. The example can be effortlessly sullied; in this manner testing is completed on a modified example. The example can be effortlessly changed on the off chance that it is weakened. [2] There are additionally security issues, in the event that inappropriate consideration is taken when dealing with the example, at that point sin contact may prompt contaminations. Restraint can likewise give erroneous readings. In the event that earlier information on when the test will be completed, the client may keep away from utilizing the controlled substance a couple of day before the test being done. Utilization of unnecessary water the client over the top measure of water are devoured then the example given might be weakened, along these lines giving an incorrect convergence of the medication misuse. The cut off point-Urinalysis tends not to have a low a sufficient cut off point. This will botch controlled medication maltreatment with other potential metabolites of food. A case of this is the utilization of poppy seeds. This can be confused with morphine misuse. With further advancements explanatory procedures, for example, GC/MS hair tests are presently the favored example to for the investigation of controlled medication misuse. This is then supplemented with urinalysis and blood examination. The focal points utilizing hair incorporate Medications are regularly found in hair tests. Hair will in general be to a greater extent a subjective test as opposed to a quantitative. It gauges the focus and recurrence of the maltreatment, not simply its essence. [3] A more extended DDW measures the maltreatment the maltreatment over months and years, as juxtapose to days. The graph above shows the grouping of a medication present pee and hair over a time of 12 days Hair is simpler to deal with represents no danger of disease if skin contact is made [4]. Hair is a progressively steady example it has a steady protein structure which can't be handily defiled [5] Minimal clinical oversight or careful mediation is required while getting the example and is along these lines seen to be less intrusive. 1 HAIR 1.1 Anatomy of Hair Hair is comprised of two particular compartments, the pole and the follicle/root. The pole is the obvious external part, which comes out of the skin on the scalp. This part is regularly alluded to as the dead piece of hair. The purpose behind this is the compartment inside the skin, the follicle has a bulb molded consummation. Inside the focal point of the bulb there are cells, which are continually isolating. As new cells are created the more seasoned one are pushed up. As they are climbing they bite the dust gradually, which at that point structure the hard shaft. Each strand of hair is comprised of protein filaments called keratins. The synthetic organization of keratin incorporates long chains of amino acids. One key case of these amino acids is cysteine, which contains sulfur. One key capacity of sulfur is its capacity to frame bonds with other sulfur atoms, disulpher spans. This is sort of science is available in hair. Neighboring keratin proteins interface together to frame disulphide bonds. The sub-atomic connections between these bonds are very solid, and in this way it is very difficult to break the bond between them. The disulphide bonds can be broken utilizing an antacid arrangement, as acidic arrangements for the most part have no impact. Each strand comprises of three layers the fingernail skin, cortex and medulla. The medulla is comprised of cells that are very huge and empty. The center layer is the cortex, which makes up most of hair. The cells in this layer are firmly pressed because of cross connections between the keratin chains. The attribute of hair are transcendently controlled by this layer. This incorporates the shade of hair. Other trademark controlled by the cortex are the adaptability and quality of hair and the likewise the surface. The fingernail skin is the furthest layer and is framed by a solitary layer of covering firmly stuffed cells, which are straightforward in appearance. This layer gives insurance to the cortex and the medulla. This layer additionally describes the quality of hair, as its arduousness it can take the impacts of any effect. Inside the root is the follicle, this is a multilayered bulb like structure. Where each layer has its own capacity. At the base of the bulb is the dermal papilla. This is taken care of by little veins. The capacity of these vessels is to give basic supplements and oxygen to the developing hair, it additionally evacuates any waste items. This is likewise the site of where signs are gotten, training hair to develop. [7] This is finished by the nearness of hormones and adrenogens. The adrenogens decide when hair develops and furthermore the size of the follicle. Hence affecting the physical properties of hairs, for example thickness. The hair follicle is secured by two sheaths, the internal and external. The capacity of these sheath is to give assurance to the hair shaft. The inward sheath covers the follicle up to the opening of the sebaceous organ. The external sheath covers the follicle as far as possible up to the organ. 1.2 The Hair Cycle Each strand of hair develops in a rehashed three phase cycle, beginning with the Anagen stage proceeding to the Catagen stage and finishing up with the Telogen stage. [8] Anagen stage: Hair development stage Happens with 85 % of hairs at any one time Term: 2-6 Years Action: Stimulus got at dermal papilla â†' Rapid multiplication ofâ keratinocytes inside the bulb â†' Upward development of keratinocytes â†' Formation of hair shaft Catagen Phase: Regression stage Span: 1-2 Weeks Action: Mitosis cycle finishes and reabsorption happens â†' The old keratinocytesâ cells are then gone before by the new ones â†' Death of the previousâ keratinocytes â†' Hair follicle size decreased by 1/6 â†' Degradation ofâ the lower part â†' Hair follicle becomes confined â†' Keratinocytesâ cells joined to the follicle and the dermal enter the following stage. Telogen Phase: Rest stage Happens with 15% of hairs Span: 3 Months Movement: Dermal papilla is in a resting state â†' Towards the finish of the stage,â the hair and follicle become confined from each other â†' a newâ connection made between the lower some portion of the follicle and the dermalâ papilla â†' Once the association has been made, the cycle will startâ again â†' Anagen stage â†' Formation of another hair, on the off chance that the previousâ hair is as yet appended to the follicle, at that point the upgraded one will push out theâ old hair [8] 1.4 Integration of Opiates Into Hair There have been a few examinations did that investigate how medicates and their metabolites are coordinated into hair. These investigations have proposed some basic instruments concerning how this is finished. Anyway an inside and out clarification would require further investigations to be done. As hair has a protein structure, it can trap the metabolites present in the blood into hair while the structure is being integrated. This is unloaded while the hair is connected to the follicle, for example while the hair is developing. As the hair fiber is being framed, the medication and its metabolites become coordinated. This will bring about the medication and its metabolites to be balanced out inside the keratin structure. The fundamental model proposes a system that a medication and it metabolites might be coordinated by uninvolved dissemination. This is the place the medication is inactively diffused from the dermal vessels into the developing hair cells. Where this latent dissemination happens is the point at which the hair is follicle length is at a length of around 1.2 1.5 mm long. This is the length between the hair grid zone and the territory of the keratinised zone. This recommends in the event that the hair is 1.2 1.5 mm long, at that point sedate presentation of around three days is accessible for examination. A progressively definite model can likewise clarify how sedates and their metabolites can be incorporated into hair. This considers various systems happening different occasions of the hair development cycle, and at various areas. The examination into this multi-compartment hypothesis was started by Henderson [10], yet has since been supported up by further investigations. A case of this is, the development of the medications and its metabolites from sweat and Sebum. The combination of the medications and their metabolites happens once the hair has been shaped. Studies have demonstrated that the convergence of medications in sweat is higher than the focus found in blood. This would consequently clarify the high fixations if drugs found in hair. [10] Drugs can likewise be incorporated into hair from the outside condition, for example from air, water and hair medicines, for example, hair biting the dust, and perming. Just as the outer condition medications can likewise be incorporated with hair by intradermal exchange. This happens profound inside the skin compartment, where exceptionally lipid dissolvable medications can enter into the skin layer and afterward become coordinated into hair. [11] Also melanin substance may have some impact on the medication being moved. The medication may connect with melanin locales that are available in the skin. This will bring about the exchange of the medication and its metabolites just as melanin color particle. The genuine properties of the medication being incorporated will likewise at last impact which component is utilized for the medication to be coordinated with hair. Instances of these properties incorporate the auxiliary, compound, and physical properties. When taking a gander at the structura

Germination experiment Essay Example for Free

Germination explore Essay Strategy: 1. Put some dirt in each measuring utencil and ensure it is nearly a similar sum 2. Spot 5 beans inside every recepticle at a similar level underneath the dirt 3. Pour 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml of water in every container separately and continue watering them like clockwork 4. Leave the measuring glasses near a decent light source 5. Following seven days record the length of the stem of the plants in every recepticle Variables: 1. Dependant: Height and development of the plants 2. Autonomous: Amount of water 3. Controlled: Where the measuring utencils are set, measure of soil, measure of seeds, sort of seeds, how frequently the plats are watered (Initially it was concluded that the measure of water we would utilize would be 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ml however we chose to bring down the measure of water with the goal that the plants wouldn’t suffocate) Results: measure of water (ml) Length of plants (cm) normal length (cm)  Conclusion: The primary thing we can see from the outcomes is a limit in the measure of water in connection with the container size and the measure of soil. In the table we can see that after the 20ml of water the seeds suffocated thus they didn’t developed by any stretch of the imagination. However, in the event that we take in correlation the length of the plants in the measuring utencil with 20ml with the one with 10ml we can see that with more water the germination happens quicker. For instance in the outcomes table we have the normal development of the plant of around 10. 5 cm and in the 20ml a normal development of 17. 8, so clearly we can say that the hight the measure of water, the quicker the seeds will develop and the higher they will develop. Assessment: I believe that as a rule this test was done decently as far as the kind of seed, thay were kept in a sufficiently bright spot, all the measuring utencils had a similar soil and a similar measure of it, and so on. The issue was that the plants were suffocated so we couldn’t get a decent arrangement of results, so in the event that he test must be done again I would set a restriction of water to permit the plants to actualy grow.

Pestle analysis of UK mobile industry

The United Kingdom assumes a significant job in the European versatile market as it represents an aggregate of 12.9% market esteem (Datamonitor 2008). Before the finish of 2011 the United Kingdom cell phone advertise esteem is evaluated to increase a raise of 29.1% since 2006 esteeming around $4.4 billion (Datamonitor 2008). The business limit could be around the assembling and giving the support of the cell phone as these two supplement with one another. Cell PHONE SERVICE PROVIDING Assembling With the expansion in the innovation there is constantly a superior telephone in the market with more up to date determinations, and due to the engaging quality of the arrangements the buyers are going for a superior portable all the time regardless of whether they don't utilize all the coordinated applications. Then again this market is approaching its development which is a prevalent danger for all the specialist co-ops and portable makers as they have to put resources into increasingly more for innovative work. The ongoing information shows that just in the U.K there are 69.7 million dynamic supporters for the cell phones in 2006 which are 9.7 million more than the complete U.K populace (Mintel 2007). This expresses the ubiquity of the cell phones and the utilization. Key Determinants of Success: For any industry to be fruitful there will be some key determinants of progress which helps its development, and when these determinants meet up it could an effective one. What's more, these determinants for the cell phone assembling and administration industry could be the Technological, Economical and Social variables. These could be the three principle determinants of this industry for the most part since these supplement one another, as the better the innovation in a cell phone the higher the cost will be. Indeed, even at a significant expense buyers would will in general purchase these telephones concerning they are getting the most recent innovation in their grasp and in this manner they can flaunt their status. Innovation: In this 21st century the innovation is blasting and all the organizations in any sort of industry might want to utilize the forefront innovation for their items or administrations. As the more innovation utilized in any firm would decide its market catch, its shoppers, for the most part the cost of their items or administrations. In the cell phone producing the innovation is quickly expanding. It's similarly significant for the producer to deliver high caliber for the buyer as in the past cell phones are just used to converse with the other individual, presently with the development in the innovation shoppers can send and get instant messages, they can check their messages, take pictures with coordinated camera of up to 8 super pixels, and most brilliantly customers would video be able to talk. These clarify the mechanical development and customers do follow through on greater expenses to appreciate and encounter this sort of innovation in their palms. The makers then again are not simply giving cell phones which can do just these things; they are additionally consolidating different things, for example, contact screen, Bluetooth and infrared availability, remote neighborhood (WLAN) which the shoppers can use for remote network (web), observing live TV, mp3 player, and for all these the buyer thinks it merits following through on the cost either set by the producer or the specialist co-op. Economy: The U.K cell phone industry plays a fairly significant job in the economy of the nation. The U.K versatile market has created a complete income of $3.4 billion out of 2006 (Datamonitor 2008) As its been estimated that the U.K economy to develop between 2.4% to 2.6% somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2011 (Key note 2007), yet over this little rate raise more than multi year duration, the shoppers will lose trust in the economy and yet as the cell phones are an exceptionally fundamental piece of their everyday lives it will in general endure. The versatile entrance rate is likewise so high that couple of shoppers have more than one telephone, or more than one agreement or associations and in this way expanding their use. Simultaneously the cell phone industry adds to the economy by bringing in a ton of crude materials to be utilized in the creation or fabricating and furthermore sending out the finished results. It additionally adds to the economy by expanding the work rate, the more outlets or workplaces it opens by making a progression of wholesalers and retailers the more the more the business rate will be. In the event that the versatile business needs to go into downturn, it has been evaluated in 2004 that the all out income the administration could lose could mean an aggregate of around à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½9,864 million (O2 2004). Also, in the event that we take the pace of innovation development from, at that point to now and the value factor into thought it could have unquestionably gone higher at this point. Social: Social elements have an exceptionally enormous effect on the business. The interest levels of the items and the deals are constantly influenced by the mentalities and convictions of the buyers. What's more individuals have cell phones not only for correspondence it likewise includes true serenity for the individuals who care, many individuals have them as to arrange their lives either in a social setting or a business setting there by making the vast majority of their time, and a greater part of shoppers convey for individual security. Individuals might want to have cell phones as they convey them anyplace they need. It likewise gives progressively helpful access to different administrations like banking, working and so on. It additionally improves long range interpersonal communication as we will in general impart more by talking as opposed to simply sending messages. Helpfulness of External Environment Analysis: Any firm inside the business can build its odds of intensity by doing an outer ecological investigation. The chiefs need to utilize the data picked up by the outer ecological examination for future arranging, procedure detailing by preparing nature for any positive changes and consequently avoiding the negative ones and better dynamic as the outside condition is evolving ceaselessly. By doing this sort of investigation there is each open door for the firm to prepare its assets for the sort of procedure they need to create. Supervisors need to continue looking at the outer condition as it is unique as economic situations change everyday, innovation is developing, and there is a possibility for them to know who their rivals are. Addendum For outside condition investigation the instrument which any sort of industry or firm to utilize is PESTEL examination which we can be expounded as follows: Political and Legal, Environmental, Ecological, Social and Technology. Political and Legal components: * Any sort of industry or firm need to wiped out to certain principles and guidelines. * Trade limitations and changes in the expense structure will influence the business. * OFCOM-Office of Communications is a free administrative body for the Communications Industry. It watches that all the organizations inside the business hold fast to the guidelines. * All organizations need to adhere to the rule levels of the radiation to which anybody can be uncovered, which is set by The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Subsequently they have to set up increasingly base stations (which impart and get signs to associate with cell phones). * From 2003 the Road Safety act doesn't allow any driver to deal with the hands free set to either call, send or get content, or access web. On the off chance that anybody contradicts the law there is a fine of up to à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½30. In February 2007, they expanded the punishment from à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½30 to à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½60 as they should be harder and to make driving more secure. This declines the utilization of the cell phones. * The customer assurance act * European Regulators Group (ERG) is the body designated to research into the costs the specialist organizations are charging for cell phone utilization while abroad. It will in general bring these costs lower in favor to the shoppers. Conservative components: * The development or fall of the economy can affect on the business, as though the economy falls there won't be any new purchasers ready to take contracts. * simultaneously the development of the business contributes a ton to the economy: o It gives a great deal of business o It creates income for the economy in this way adding to the GDP. o It adds to the fare and import of crude materials and finished results individually. * The other significant elements which influence the business are trade rates, rise or fall in the swelling, and least wages. Ecological components: * There is no decisive confirmation that the utilization of cell phones influences the wellbeing of the shoppers. * The utilization of cell phones in vehicles can cause mishaps. * simultaneously there are gives despite everything worried that regardless of whether utilizing cell phones doesn't influence the wellbeing in a present moment, it may in a long haul. * There are claims that it influences the synapses, human DNA, insusceptible framework, and may even create malignant growth because of the radiations. * National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) recommended that there is no proof of the medical issues concerning the use of cell phones. In any case, it warned that we need some prudent steps because of the high use of the cell phones sooner rather than later. Social elements: * The general public is especially worried about the portable utilization by under 18s. * It feels that they can be reached by obscure people who can be danger to them. * simultaneously it resembles a bit of leeway as the children can or can be reached by their seniors. * Career mentalities, social conduct, and way of life of buyers influence the business. * Society is likewise worried about the grown-up content on the cell phones and brutal games. It's acceptable they have the innovation and yet it ought not lead them in an off-base way. Innovative variables: * Technology has quickly expanded in setting to cell phone industry. * At the starting the telephones are just utilized for discussion now they are being utilized for send and get instant messages, mul

Social Awareness Essay Topics

Social Awareness Essay TopicsWriting an essay on social awareness is one of the more effective ways to bring about change and raise consciousness. It is one of the most effective techniques that can be used in gaining your own 'voice' in the world. It is also the perfect opportunity to talk about you, your experiences, and what you feel needs to be changed in the world. There are many reasons why people choose to write such a piece and for whatever reason they choose, it should be a positive experience that is applicable to the world.Social awareness essay topics can be based on any topic that people want to talk about. The only restriction is the number of words that are available to express themselves. Many people take a lot of time to research topics and take out time to write their essays on them. Others just write them and post them online to share their thoughts and share what they are trying to accomplish with the world.To ensure that you have the best and most relevant topics to write about, you will want to make sure that you take time to do research on this subject. You need to find out the most common topics that are related to the topic that you are writing about. This can help you determine which ones are not worth spending time on. It can also be beneficial in the long run.If you cannot find the information you need by just searching online or browsing through magazines, the best way to get the right information is by visiting the library or a bookstore to look at the books that people have written on the topic. Reading the topic can help you have a better understanding of the topic, as well as the impact that it has on people's lives. Reading the topic may also help you determine if the topic that you are writing about can affect your life in any way.After you have decided on the topic, the next step is to write the essay. The best thing to do when writing an essay on any topic is to create a coherent and structured piece of writing. By following some basic rules, you will find that you will have a good chance of writing an effective essay on the topic that you are writing about.As much as possible, you should limit the number of ideas that you have to write down so that you will have enough focus and attention spans. A good way to do this is to set aside 30 minutes at a time and try to do as much as you can during this time. This will allow you to organize the information and come up with the best ways to express yourself.You should also make sure that you use the time that you have wisely. While you will be using this time to write, you should not be too attached to any particular idea. Instead, be open to different ways to express yourself and to build off of other people's ideas. A few key ideas may be able to spark a good conversation with others.Your main goal is to communicate your thoughts to those who will read your piece. A great way to make sure that your essay is able to communicate your ideas to the world is to add a link to your work on the internet or your blog. You will be surprised at how many people see your essay and how many people are inspired to become part of your 'voice'.

From the Family Pharmacy in the Netherlands to B-School at IMD

This interview is the latest in an Accepted.com blog series featuring interviews with MBA students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at top MBA programs. And now, introducing Marije van Weelden-Cuche, an alumna of IMD†¦ Accepted: Wed like to get to know you! Where are you from? Where and what did you study as an undergrad? Do you hold any other degrees? Marije: Growing up in a family Pharmacy in the Netherlands, I have always been intrigued by health care. When it came to choosing my studies it was a no brainer for me that I would study medicine. Throughout my studies I learned that even though I loved treating patients and knowing about diseases, the exposure to our family pharmacy had also infected me with a business virus. Upon completion of my Medical Degree, I therefore went to the London School of Economics to do an MSc in Health Economics, with the objective of joining the pharmaceutical industry. Afterwards, I worked for large international companies like GlaxoSmithKline and Astellas and had great opportunities to make a difference, for example in Astellas by establishing the Health Economics / Market Access function in Astellas’ RD organization†¦and yet the business virus kept popping up. I was therefore very excited to join IMD’s class of 2010 to do my MBA. Accepted: What was your favorite thing about IMD? Marije: One thing that is my favorite thing about IMD? That’s a tough question! If I really have to pick one, I would choose the so-called Leadership Stream. That definitely was the most valuable part of the year for me. We had coaching sessions and 20 individual sessions with a psycho-analyst (technically this is an elective), in which we reflected on our own behavior and that of our team mates. We also had a full outdoor day where we did team exercises while being observed by a coach. This turned out to be a very effective method where I learned how I can be most effective as a leader in one-on-one and group situations. This is still useful in my professional life every day. Accepted: If you could change one thing about the program, what would it be? Marije: As I recently said to a friend: â€Å"I have ridiculously few complaints about IMD, I would have enjoyed even more attention to the leadership stream, but other than that, I really think the program is very valuable as it is!† Accepted: Which other MBA programs had you considered when applying to b-school? Why did you choose IMD? How did the international reputation and its rankings play into your decision? Marije: I had no doubt that if I would do an MBA, I wanted to do so at a good school, so reputation and rankings were my first selection criteria to narrow down the number of schools. Having done my review of comparative schools in Europe, I quickly selected IMD as my only target due to the above mentioned Leadership Stream. In addition, the relatively small sized, â€Å"hand-picked† class, resulting in a large diversity of MBA candidates from a geographical professional perspective appealed to me. I was not disappointed. My classmates had many years of experience in a wide range of fields (from diplomacy to civil engineering) and were able to bring valuable real-world perspectives into the classroom, making the learning go way beyond the business cases. Accepted: What is your current job? What role did IMD play in helping you secure that position? Marije: I work for one of the top pharmaceutical companies in Switzerland. I collaborate with the head of Europe on the pricing strategy for our products and I am responsible for ensuring that the evidence that supports our products is presented in such a way that we can clearly demonstrate that the price we ask is fair and in relation to the value of our products. My MD and MSc gave me a strong scientific background which helped me launch my career in the RD side of the pharmaceutical industry. IMD’s focus on leadership as well as the tools and language of business made that I became more effective in the interactions with the people I work with. I can target my messages differently, such that they resonate best with for example the finance manager, the global head of commercial or the general manager of the UK. This ultimately makes that I am more efficient and more effective at what I do. Accepted: Clinical medicine is so different from business, do you ever miss it? Marije: No I don’t! I actually love the combination of business and science. In my work, I use my knowledge of being a Medical Doctor every day. Moreover, by working on drugs across Europe, I am able to provide benefits to patients on a much larger scale than that I could if I would still work in a hospital. I also found that business and medicine are closer related than one would think at first sight. The tools that I learned in medicine help me to effectively address business issues. The best doctors are those who diagnose people quickly and prescribe the most effective therapy. The best business executive is one who is able to diagnose problems quickly and who applies the most effective mitigation†¦ Accepted: Looking back at the MBA application process, what would you say was your greatest challenge? How would you advise others facing similar challenges? Marije: I felt that I had relevant experience as well as the drive and energy that could make me a valuable participant in IMD’s class of 2010, so I had good hopes of being accepted if I were invited to the interview day. Therefore, I saw writing the application essays as my biggest challenge. It really helped me to start early. I remember having countless discussions with anyone who would be willing to share their thoughts on my draft answers. I drafted several responses for each question and reworked them until I felt that each question had a strong and clear answer that reflected my personality. Accepted: Do you have any other tips for our readers? Marije: Invest in your MBA. And by invest, I don’t mean the finance. I mean give it all you have. You might find that if for example you have a background in Finance, you will have some free time when your colleagues study for that part of the program. Use that time to do something that is valuable to you. You could do research a topic of particular interest to you with the excellent faculty that is available to you, or you could create a special interest group with your classmates that target the same industry in their job search. It may be a clichà ©, but the more you put in, the more you will get out! For one-on-one guidance on your b-school application, please see our MBA Application Packages. For specific advice on how to create the best application for IMD see: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  IMD B-School Zone †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  IMD 2014 MBA Essay Questions, Tips †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  2013 Virtual Panel: Exploring European B-Schools with IMD, HEC Paris and ESADE †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Leadership is King: Interview with IMD’s Lisa Piguet Thank you Marije for sharing your story with us! Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best